BMP2 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2): BMP2 is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, recognised for its vital roles in bone and cartilage development. It stimulates bone formation and regeneration, making it a key factor in maintaining skeletal health. Dysregulation of BMP2 signalling has been associated with skeletal disorders and cardiovascular disease, emphasising its significance in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.