HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, weakening the body’s ability to fight infections. It is transmitted through bodily fluids, most commonly during unprotected sex or needle sharing. Early stages of HIV may show no symptoms, making regular testing important. Although there is no cure, antiretroviral therapy can effectively manage the virus. Prevention strategies include testing, as well as the use of prophylactic medications such as PrEP and PEP. Public health efforts focus on education and reducing stigma.