Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)

Testing TIBC levels is beneficial for individuals who show symptoms of iron deficiency anemia or iron overload conditions, such as hemochromatosis. It’s also useful for those with a diet low in iron, women with heavy menstrual bleeding, pregnant women, individuals with chronic illnesses that might affect iron levels, and those undergoing evaluation for liver function.

Symptoms of High TIBC Levels (indicative of iron deficiency):

• • Fatigue and weakness.
  • Pale skin and gums.
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Headache, dizziness, or lightheadedness.
  • Cold hands and feet.

Symptoms of Low TIBC Levels (often related to iron overload or certain chronic diseases):

• • • Joint pain.
    • Abdominal pain.
    • Fatigue and weakness.
    • Skin with a bronze or grey color.
    • Heart problems, such as irregular heart rhythms.

To normalize TIBC levels, the underlying cause of the abnormal levels must be addressed. For high TIBC levels, typically indicating iron deficiency, increasing dietary iron intake or taking iron supplements can help. Treating underlying conditions causing iron deficiency, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, is important. For low TIBC levels, which may indicate iron overload, treatments include phlebotomy (periodic blood removal), chelation therapy (medication to remove excess iron), and addressing any underlying liver disease or chronic infections.

Factors affecting TIBC levels include iron intake and absorption. Iron deficiency, either due to poor diet, increased need (as in pregnancy), or blood loss, typically increases TIBC levels. Chronic diseases, liver disorders, and certain genetic conditions can decrease TIBC levels. Inflammation can also affect TIBC, as can certain medications. Nutritional status, especially protein intake, can influence TIBC since transferrin is a protein. Hormonal changes and age can also impact TIBC levels.