VAV2 (Vav Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 2): VAV2 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that transmits signals from tyrosine kinase receptors to Rho GTPases. It plays a crucial role in regulating cell shape, movement, and proliferation through its impact on cytoskeletal dynamics and cell signalling pathways. Dysregulation of VAV2 has been linked to cancer progression, making it a significant focus in studies of tumour development and metastasis.