Heavy Metals

Aluminium (Al) is a harmful heavy metal that can pose health risks to the human body. Exposure to excessive levels of aluminium, often through diet or environmental sources, has been linked to neurotoxicity and may be associated with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Monitoring and reducing aluminium exposure is important for supporting overall health and well-being.

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that can be highly toxic to humans. Found in soil, water, and certain industrial materials, it disrupts normal cellular processes and is classified as a carcinogen. Even at low levels, arsenic exposure can pose significant risks to health, affecting multiple organs and systems.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that has no beneficial role in the human body. Prolonged exposure to cadmium can cause serious health issues, including kidney damage, weakened bones, and an increased risk of cancer. Because cadmium accumulates in the body over time, even low-level exposure is a concern for long-term health.

Cobalt is an essential trace mineral found as part of vitamin B12, which is crucial for nerve function, red blood cell production, and DNA synthesis. It is required in very small amounts, and a deficiency can cause symptoms similar to those of vitamin B12 deficiency. While necessary for good health, excessive exposure to cobalt can be harmful, potentially affecting the heart, lungs, and thyroid.

Lead is a toxic heavy metal with no beneficial function in the human body. Exposure to lead can cause serious health problems, particularly affecting the nervous system. Even low levels of lead can impact multiple bodily systems, with children being especially vulnerable to developmental delays and cognitive impairments.

Mercury is a naturally occurring heavy metal found in certain products such as thermometers and dental fillings. While low exposure is generally harmless, excessive levels can be toxic, affecting the nervous, digestive, and immune systems. High mercury exposure may cause symptoms like tremors, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment, and it poses significant environmental risks, particularly through water contamination.

Nickel (Ni) is a naturally occurring metal and a widely used industrial element. In trace amounts, it is generally harmless, but excessive exposure can cause health issues such as skin irritation, allergic dermatitis, and respiratory problems. Nickel is also classified as a potential carcinogen, with higher risks observed in occupational settings where exposure levels are elevated.

Thallium (Tl) is a heavy metal that presents significant health risks upon exposure. It can cause symptoms such as hair loss, nerve damage, and digestive problems. Common sources of thallium exposure include contaminated water, certain industrial processes, and its former use in rat poison. Although its presence in consumer products has diminished, thallium remains a hazard in industrial environments. Exposure to thallium, while rare, requires prompt medical attention to minimise health complications.