Proteobacteria
Proteobacteria is a large phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that includes both harmless commensals and potential pathogens. In the gut, a small amount of Proteobacteria can be normal, but elevated levels are often considered a marker of dysbiosis and inflammation. This group includes species such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Helicobacter, and Klebsiella, some of which are linked to gastrointestinal disorders, infections, and metabolic imbalances. An increased abundance of Proteobacteria may reflect microbial instability or a pro-inflammatory gut environment.
Description
Proteobacteria is a diverse group of gram-negative bacteria, some of which are normal residents of the gut, while others are recognised pathogens.
Elevated levels may indicate a microbial imbalance, inflammation, or an overgrowth of potentially harmful bacteria.
No, some species are harmless, but others can contribute to gut and systemic health problems when present in large amounts.
Factors may include stress, antibiotics, poor diet, infections, or chronic gut inflammation.
