Cortisol Test

About Cortisol

Cortisol, often referred to as the stress hormone, is produced by the adrenal glands in response to physical or mental stress. It plays a crucial role in helping you perform better under pressure, whether it’s facing a predator in the distant past or managing modern-day stressors like paying bills.

In today’s society, stress often becomes chronic, leading to prolonged high levels of cortisol. Chronic high cortisol levels can be harmful, contributing to conditions such as high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, and an increased risk of type-2 diabetes.

Conversely, having too little cortisol can also be detrimental. Severely low cortisol levels can cause the body to excrete large amounts of sodium through urine, potentially leading to life-threatening conditions.

Monitoring your cortisol levels is essential to understanding your risk for these health issues. GetTested offers a convenient cortisol saliva test that can provide you with an indication of your cortisol levels. With this information, you can take the necessary steps to manage and prevent cortisol-related disorders.

The function of cortisol

Cortisol serves various essential functions in our body. During acute stressful situations, it enhances physical and mental performance. Cortisol also plays a crucial role in intestinal movement and regulates the metabolism of sugar, fat, and protein. Its anti-inflammatory properties help counteract the immune system's functions, making us more susceptible to infections.

Interestingly, cortisol levels are not solely linked to stress. Physical activity also increases cortisol secretion, but in this context, cortisol helps reduce muscle inflammation rather than triggering a stress response. Cortisol is well-known for its anti-inflammatory and muscle-degrading effects, particularly in treating inflammatory diseases, often managed by administering cortisone.

Additionally, cortisol regulates the immune system and helps reduce swelling from allergies and insect bites. Thus, cortisol is a vital hormone for our overall well-being.

Cortisol fluctuations 

Cortisol levels naturally fluctuate throughout the day, peaking in the morning and reaching their lowest point at night. This hormone regulates the metabolism of fats, sugars, and proteins. The amount of cortisol in your body is influenced by your activities and the amount of stress you experience. Elevated cortisol levels can result from stress, injuries, fever, infections, or high adrenaline.

Symptoms of high cortisol:

Prolonged high cortisol levels can be harmful to the body. Chronic elevated cortisol can decrease fat burning and impair insulin sensitivity, leading to obesity and type-2 diabetes over time. Symptoms of high cortisol include:

• Fatigue
• Low libido
• Weight gain
• Difficulty sleeping
• High blood pressure
• Poor immune function

Symptoms of low cortisol:

Low cortisol levels can cause a range of issues, including menstrual disorders, muscle weakness, and mental health problems. Cortisol’s role in inhibiting inflammation is also compromised. In rare and extreme cases, low cortisol can lead to adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease), where the body does not produce enough hormones. Addison’s disease can be life-threatening and typically requires medication. Even milder conditions can place significant stress on the body and mind and should not be ignored.

The most common symptoms of low cortisol are: 

• Menstrual disorders
• Fatigue
• Muscle weakness
• Low blood pressure
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea

Cortisol blood test vs cortisol saliva test

GetTested’s Cortisol Test measures cortisol levels from saliva instead of blood, offering a more convenient and comfortable alternative. People with naturally cold hands may find it difficult to obtain a blood sample from a finger prick, making a blood test less ideal. This saliva test is also more suitable for individuals who are sensitive to blood and needles.

Testing cortisol throughout the day

GetTested’s Cortisol Test measures bioavailable and free cortisol at seven points throughout the day, combining the first morning values into one, resulting in five reported values. Cortisol is released in response to physical or mental stress, enhancing physical and mental performance under short-term stress. However, consistently high cortisol levels can be harmful, while low levels can also pose health problems. This test is especially useful for those experiencing chronic stress, fatigue, or other stress-related symptoms.

For a comprehensive hormonal assessment, DHEA—another hormone affected by stress—is often measured alongside cortisol. Our DHEA Saliva Test can provide additional insights into your stress response and hormonal balance.