Allergies

Acacia trees are ornamental plants that produce allergenic pollen. They usually flower from late winter to spring, releasing pollen that can cause seasonal allergy symptoms. People living in areas with many acacia trees may experience increased allergic reactions during these flowering periods.

Acarus siro, commonly referred to as the flour mite, is a species frequently found in stored grains and flour. These mites can prosper in kitchen cupboards and pantries, especially in damp conditions. For sensitive individuals, exposure may provoke allergic reactions and can be particularly troublesome for those with existing respiratory ailments.

Alder pollen is a common early spring allergen released by alder trees during their flowering season. This pollen can trigger allergic reactions such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis) in sensitive individuals. Symptoms often worsen on dry, windy days when pollen dispersal is at its peak.

Almond allergy is a condition that occurs when the immune system reacts to proteins found in almonds, a type of tree nut. It is one of the more common tree nut allergies and can cause symptoms ranging from mild irritation to severe, potentially life-threatening reactions.

Allergies to almonds, pine nuts and sunflower seeds are immune responses triggered by proteins found in these nuts and seeds. These reactions can cause a variety of symptoms, and understanding, identifying and managing these allergies is important for ensuring safety and overall health.

Alternaria alternata is a mould that releases spores into the air, causing allergic reactions. It grows on various plants and materials, thriving in warm, damp conditions. People sensitive to this mould may experience symptoms during dry, windy weather when spore levels are at their highest.

Apple allergy is an allergic reaction to proteins found in apples, often associated with Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS). It typically affects individuals allergic to birch pollen, as similar proteins in apples can cause cross-reactivity. Symptoms range from mild oral irritation to more noticeable reactions, although severe cases are rare.

Pollen from ash trees, which is a common allergen during springtime. Can induce respiratory symptoms in allergic individuals.

Aspergillus fumigatus is a common mould found in soil, decaying organic matter, and sometimes indoor environments. It is a notable allergen that can trigger respiratory conditions such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in susceptible individuals, especially those with asthma or cystic fibrosis.

Grass pollen that is a significant cause of seasonal allergies, especially in late spring and early summer.

Barley is a widely used grain found in a variety of foods and drinks — from bread and cereals to beer. For some people, barley can trigger an allergic reaction due to its protein content. Recognising the symptoms and properly managing a barley allergy is important for those affected.

Bee venom allergy is a condition in which the immune system overreacts to proteins found in bee venom following a sting. This allergic reaction can cause symptoms ranging from mild local swelling to severe systemic responses, including potentially life-threatening anaphylaxis. Recognising and understanding these signs is essential for effective management and treatment.

Bermuda grass pollen allergy is a type of allergic reaction to the pollen released by Bermuda grass, a common grass species in warmer regions often used in lawns, parks, and golf courses. This allergy is a form of seasonal allergic rhinitis, typically occurring during the grass-pollinating seasons in late spring and summer.

Pollen from birch trees, a common trigger of hay fever, asthma, and other respiratory allergies in the spring.

Shellfish allergies are a type of food allergy that affect both adults and children. This allergy often involves a variety of shellfish, including blue mussel, oyster, clam, and scallop. Because allergic reactions can be severe, understanding how to recognise and manage a shellfish allergy is essential for those affected.

Buckwheat intolerance is a condition where the body struggles to digest buckwheat, resulting in digestive symptoms. Unlike a buckwheat allergy, which triggers an immune response and can cause severe reactions, intolerance is generally confined to gastrointestinal discomfort.

Cacao, the primary ingredient of chocolate, is enjoyed by many but can also provoke allergic reactions in some individuals. An allergy to cacao can result in a variety of symptoms, ranging from mild skin or digestive problems to respiratory issues, and in rare instances, anaphylaxis. Recognising your body’s reaction to cacao and related products is important for maintaining overall health and well-being.

Allergenic protein found in the skin, saliva, and urine of cats, which can cause respiratory issues and asthma.

The Cross-reactive Carbohydrate Determinants (CCDs) role refers to the impact of complex sugar structures found on the surface of plant and animal proteins in allergy testing. These structures can cause cross-reactivity, resulting in false-positive results. Understanding CCDs is crucial for accurate allergy diagnosis and for avoiding misinterpretation of test results.

Cheddar cheese allergy is a reaction associated with cow’s milk allergy, as cheddar is produced from cow’s milk. It is caused by milk proteins such as casein and whey. Identifying the symptoms and understanding how to manage the allergy are important for those affected.

Citrus mix allergy refers to an allergic reaction to a combination of citrus fruits without specifying individual types. This category often includes oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits, and may also involve tangerines, pomelos, and related varieties. The reaction is triggered by proteins common to these fruits, which can cause a range of allergy symptoms.

Mold that can cause respiratory problems and exacerbate asthma, prevalent in damp environments.

Insect allergen from cockroaches, which can contribute to respiratory issues and trigger asthma.

Fish commonly consumed and used in various culinary dishes. Cod allergies can provoke digestive symptoms and anaphylaxis.

Common pigweed is a widespread plant known for its highly allergenic pollen. Its pollen can trigger hay fever and other allergic reactions, particularly in late summer and autumn. Individuals sensitive to pigweed may experience symptoms during its peak pollination period.

Common ragweed is a plant known for triggering autumn allergies. As one of the most prolific pollen producers, ragweed can affect individuals even miles away from the source. Its high pollen levels are a leading cause of seasonal allergic rhinitis, impacting many people as summer turns into autumn.

Cottonwood trees are known for producing fluffy, cotton-like seeds and pollen that can trigger seasonal allergies. In spring, their pollen becomes airborne — especially on windy days — and may cause symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes in sensitive individuals.

Crayfish allergy is an allergic reaction to proteins found in crayfish, a type of shellfish. It can range from mild to severe and, in some cases, be potentially life-threatening. People with a crayfish allergy may react not only from eating crayfish but also from inhaling steam released during cooking.

Cucumber intolerance is a condition where the body struggles to digest cucumber, often causing gastrointestinal discomfort. Unlike a cucumber allergy, which provokes an immune response and can lead to more severe reactions, cucumber intolerance generally results in digestive symptoms after eating.

Cultivated oat grass (Avena sativa) is a common cereal crop grown widely across temperate regions. In addition to its use in agriculture, it is a known airborne allergen. During its pollination season, oat grass releases pollen that can become airborne and inhaled, potentially triggering allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Reactions may include symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy eyes, and respiratory irritation. It is one of many grasses whose pollen can contribute to seasonal allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever.

Cultivated rye releases pollen, a well-known trigger of seasonal allergies. Its pollen season can coincide with the grass pollen season, exacerbating symptoms for those allergic to grass pollen. When rye fields are in flower, nearby communities may notice an increase in hay fever symptoms.

Pollen from cypress trees, prevalent in the spring and fall. Known to cause hay fever and asthma symptoms.

Dandelions are commonly regarded as weeds or herbal remedies, but they can also cause allergic reactions or intolerances in some individuals. These reactions often arise from exposure to dandelion pollen or direct contact with the plant. Identifying this potential allergy is important, especially during their peak flowering season.

Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae), also known as the American house dust mite, is a common allergen found in domestic dust. These mites are widespread in carpets, bedding, and upholstered furniture, where they feed on human skin cells. Their faecal matter and body fragments can trigger allergic reactions throughout the year, often contributing to allergic rhinitis and asthma.

Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus), commonly referred to as the European house dust mite, is a prevalent indoor allergen. These microscopic creatures thrive in warm, humid conditions and feed on organic material such as shed human skin flakes. Their body fragments and waste products can trigger allergic reactions and asthma in susceptible individuals.

Allergenic protein found in the skin, saliva, and urine of dogs, leading to respiratory issues and skin reactions.

Eel meat intolerance is a condition that involves difficulty digesting eel meat, a type of seafood frequently enjoyed in various cuisines, particularly across Asia and Europe. Unlike an eel meat allergy, which prompts an immune reaction, intolerance primarily leads to digestive discomfort such as stomach pain or upset after consuming eel or dishes containing it.

False ragweed (Parthenium hysterophorus), also known as parthenium weed, is an invasive plant species native to the Americas but now found across many parts of the world. It belongs to the Asteraceae family and is a notable allergen due to its highly potent airborne pollen. The plant typically flowers in late summer and autumn, releasing pollen that can trigger allergic rhinitis, asthma, and contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Inhalant allergy tests often include false ragweed due to its increasing prevalence and allergenic strength.

Garlic and onion, members of the Allium family, are widely used ingredients in cuisines across the globe. However, for some people, these foods can cause allergic reactions due to their unique compounds. Understanding and managing garlic and onion allergies is essential for maintaining a healthy, symptom-free diet.

Goldenrod is a flowering plant often mistaken as the cause of hay fever, but the real culprit is usually ragweed, which blooms at the same time and produces highly allergenic pollen. Goldenrod’s pollen is heavy and sticky, making it less likely to become airborne. While allergic reactions to goldenrod can occur, they are uncommon and usually involve symptoms similar to hay fever.

Guinea pig allergy is a reaction caused by proteins found in the animal’s dander, saliva, and urine. People with this allergy may develop symptoms after contact with guinea pigs or their living environments. These symptoms can occur immediately or develop gradually with repeated exposure.

Hamster allergies are a condition caused by allergens found in a hamster’s dander, saliva, and urine. These allergens can provoke reactions in individuals through direct contact with the animal or from airborne exposure. Such allergic responses are common in households with hamsters or in pet care settings.

Hazel trees are early bloomers that mark the start of allergy season for many people. Their catkins release large amounts of pollen as early as winter or spring, which can cause significant allergic reactions in those sensitive to tree pollen.

Pollen from hazelnut trees, known to cause respiratory allergies during its pollination period.

Allergenic animal dander that can cause respiratory symptoms and skin reactions

House dust allergies are caused by various components of dust – including dust mites, pet dander, mould spores, and pollen. These allergens can trigger symptoms that affect daily life, making it important to reduce exposure and manage the home environment effectively.

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria) is known for producing highly allergenic pollen. This pollen can trigger a condition called "cedar fever," which causes severe allergic reactions. The pollen is typically released from winter through early spring and can be especially intense in areas where these trees are common, affecting many people.

Japanese hop (Humulus japonicus) is an invasive climbing plant that flowers in late summer, releasing pollen that can cause allergic reactions. This pollen is a major contributor to seasonal allergies, particularly for those who are sensitive to it, with symptoms often becoming more severe in urban areas where the plant is more common.

Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) is a fast-growing perennial grass native to the Mediterranean region but now widespread in many parts of the world, especially in warm and temperate climates. It is regarded both as an agricultural weed and a significant source of airborne allergens. Its pollen is released during the warmer months and can provoke allergic reactions in susceptible individuals, particularly those with seasonal allergic rhinitis or asthma. Johnson grass belongs to the Poaceae (grass) family, which includes many cross-reactive species.

Shellfish that is a common allergen, causing symptoms such as hives, swelling, and anaphylaxis.

Fruit allergies, such as those to kiwi, mango, and banana, are increasingly recognised and reflect the body’s immune response to specific proteins in these fruits. These allergies can cause a range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to severe reactions, and identifying and managing them effectively is essential for maintaining health and well-being.

Lenscale refers to microscopic particles of shed skin, hair, or feathers from animals, primarily pets such as cats and dogs. These particles can become airborne, settle on furniture, bedding, or carpets, and trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Unlike larger fur clumps, lenscale is extremely light and often invisible to the eye, which makes it a persistent allergen indoors even in clean environments. Allergic reactions to lenscale are caused by specific proteins found in the skin secretions or saliva of animals, which adhere to these fine particles. Even without direct animal contact, individuals can experience symptoms if exposed to contaminated environments.

Lobster and Pacific squid are seafood delicacies enjoyed by many but can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. These allergies may lead to symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe, potentially life-threatening reactions. Recognising and managing allergies to lobster and Pacific squid is important for those at risk.

Maple leaf sycamore, also known as sycamore maple, is a major cause of spring allergies. Its pollen can irritate sensitive individuals, leading to seasonal allergic rhinitis. Symptoms tend to worsen on bright, windy days when pollen levels are at their highest in the air.

Meat allergy is a condition where the immune system mistakenly identifies certain proteins in meat as harmful. This triggers an allergic reaction that can range from mild to severe. Unlike food intolerances that mainly affect digestion, meat allergies may cause symptoms involving the skin, respiratory system, and overall health.

Dust mite allergen, which is a common indoor allergen causing respiratory issues and skin reactions.

Allergies to mice and rats are a common issue, particularly in laboratory settings or homes where these animals are kept as pets. Allergens from mice and rats—present in their urine, dander, and saliva—can become airborne and provoke allergic reactions in susceptible individuals.

Pollen from mugwort plants, often causing respiratory symptoms in sensitive individuals during its peak season.

Oak trees are prolific pollen producers and a common cause of seasonal spring allergies. When they release pollen, it can trigger significant allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. The oak pollen season is often linked to increased allergy and asthma symptoms due to higher pollen concentrations in the air.

Pollen from olive trees, typically causing hay fever and other respiratory allergies during blooming periods.

Ox-eye daisy is a perennial plant that can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Although its pollen is generally less allergenic than that of many other plants, it can still provoke hay fever symptoms in those who are predisposed.

Stone fruit that can cause allergies ranging from oral allergy syndrome to severe reactions like anaphylaxis.

Penicillium notatum is a common mould known for its role in producing penicillin. In indoor environments, it can contribute to allergic reactions, particularly in damp areas. Exposure to this mould may trigger respiratory symptoms and allergies in sensitive individuals, especially those prone to mould-related reactions.

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is a cool-season grass commonly used for lawns, pastures, and turf due to its rapid growth and resilience. It belongs to the Poaceae family and is a well-known source of seasonal allergens. During its pollination period—typically late spring to early summer—it releases airborne pollen that can trigger allergic reactions such as hay fever and asthma in sensitive individuals. The allergenic potential of perennial ryegrass makes it a significant component in inhalant allergy testing panels.

Allergies to seafood such as plaice, anchovy, and Alaska pollock occur when the immune system reacts to specific proteins in these fish. These reactions can cause a range of symptoms and may significantly affect diet and lifestyle. Understanding the triggers, symptoms, and management strategies is important for those living with these allergies.

Plantain weed is a common allergen found in grassy areas and should not be confused with the banana-like fruit. Its small, inconspicuous flowers release pollen that can trigger seasonal allergy symptoms. Although it does not produce as much pollen as some other weeds, plantain can still cause problems for individuals with specific sensitivities.

Pollen from ribwort plantain, a type of plant that can trigger respiratory allergies, especially in summer.

Russian thistle, also known as tumbleweed, is a plant whose pollen can cause seasonal allergic reactions. Its pollen is a common allergen, especially in dry areas. During the flowering season, the lightweight pollen can travel long distances, affecting many people. Symptoms are typical of hay fever and include sneezing, itchy eyes, and a runny nose.

Pollen from rye grass, a significant cause of hay fever and respiratory allergies during its pollen season.

Sheep wool allergy refers to an allergic reaction often caused not by the wool fibres themselves, but by sensitivity to lanolin (wool grease) or other substances present in the wool. These allergens can trigger symptoms when wearing clothing made from sheep’s wool or coming into contact with wool-containing products.

Shrimp allergy is a common shellfish allergy caused by an immune reaction to proteins found in shrimp. It is one of the most frequent food allergies in adults and can trigger symptoms ranging from mild to severe, including anaphylaxis. This allergy is usually lifelong and may be triggered by consuming shrimp or even inhaling steam during cooking.

Silkworm pupa allergy is a condition that results from an immune response triggered by proteins found in silkworm pupae, which are used in various cuisines and as a source of silk. This allergy can cause reactions in some individuals, so recognising symptoms, avoiding exposure, and understanding how to manage the allergy are important for those affected.

Grass pollen allergies are an indicator of sensitivity to various grass species — including sweet vernal, orchard grass, common reed, and bent grass. These allergens can have a considerable impact on individuals susceptible to allergic reactions, affecting respiratory health, causing eye irritation, and reducing overall well-being. Understanding these allergies, recognising symptoms, and implementing effective management strategies can help alleviate discomfort and enhance quality of life during peak pollen seasons.

Timothy grass pollen allergy is a condition caused by an immune reaction to the pollen of Timothy grass, a common grass species found in temperate regions and frequently used for hay. This allergy is a form of seasonal allergic rhinitis, with symptoms that typically occur during the grass’s pollination period, usually in late spring and early summer.

Grass pollen that triggers many seasonal allergies, causing hay fever and asthma symptoms during its season.

Vegetable widely used in culinary dishes. Tomato allergy can cause oral allergy syndrome and digestive issues.

Total IgE testing measures the overall level of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in the blood, which are produced in response to allergens. Elevated levels may indicate increased allergic sensitivity but do not pinpoint specific allergens.

Tuna and salmon are popular fish choices worldwide, renowned for their flavour and nutritional benefits. However, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to these fish — a condition that can range from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening responses. Understanding the symptoms, triggers, and management strategies for tuna and salmon allergies is important for those affected.

Tyrophagus putrescentiae, also known as the mould mite, is a species commonly found in stored foods and household dust. These mites thrive in environments with high humidity and can trigger allergic reactions when their waste or body parts become airborne and inhaled, leading to a range of allergy-related symptoms in sensitive individuals.

Walnut intolerance is a condition that involves difficulty digesting walnuts, leading to gastrointestinal discomfort. Unlike a walnut allergy, which triggers an immune system response and can cause severe, immediate symptoms, walnut intolerance typically results in digestive problems following walnut consumption.

Wasp venom allergy is a condition that occurs when the body has an allergic reaction to the sting of a wasp. This allergy can cause symptoms ranging from localized pain and swelling to severe anaphylaxis. Unlike bee stings, wasp stings can be more dangerous as wasps are capable of stinging multiple times, increasing the risk of a serious allergic reaction.

White ash (Fraxinus americana) pollen is a major contributor to seasonal pollen counts, particularly in spring when these trees flower. The airborne pollen from white ash can provoke allergic reactions in susceptible individuals, increasing the range of tree pollens present during allergy season.

White pine trees are conifers with long, slender needles and can contribute to pollen-related allergies. Although their pollen is less potent than that of some other trees, it may still cause symptoms in sensitive individuals, especially during peak pollen levels in spring.

Willow tree pollen indicates the early spring release of pollen by willow trees. The light, easily dispersed pollen can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, contributing to seasonal allergy symptoms. Exposure may lead to discomfort, even during what is often an enjoyable time of year.

Pollen from wormwood plants, known to cause hay fever and exacerbate asthma during its blooming season.