DNA Bones Joints & Muscles

About this test – DNA Bones Joints & Muscles

Key Benefits

• Broad Genetic Analysis: Analyses over 200 genes across 41+ result areas and up to 83 million genetic variants, giving you a detailed view of genetic tendencies related to your physical health

• Personalised Health Insights: Learn more about your inherited strengths, sensitivities and areas that may benefit from extra attention

• Personalised Recommendations: Receive guidance related to training, recovery, nutrition and lifestyle based on your genetic profile

• Simple At-Home DNA Test: Collect a saliva sample at home and receive your personalised digital report

What This Test Measures

Bone Health & Mineralisation
Includes genes involved in bone formation, bone density, vitamin D pathways, calcium balance and bone structure. These insights can help show inherited tendencies related to bone strength and long-term skeletal health.

Joint & Cartilage Health
Covers genes linked to cartilage structure, joint tissue, tissue repair and inflammation. These insights may provide genetic context around mobility, joint resilience and cartilage-related traits.

Muscle Strength & Performance
Includes genes involved in muscle structure, growth, contraction and neuromuscular signalling. Genetic differences in these areas may contribute to variation in strength, power and muscle performance.

Endurance, Energy & Recovery
Focuses on genes involved in energy production, oxygen use, metabolism, antioxidant defence and recovery. These pathways may influence endurance, exercise adaptation and how efficiently the body recovers after activity.

Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue
Includes genes involved in collagen, tissue elasticity, structural support and tissue repair. These genes may help explain inherited differences in how supportive tissues respond to repeated physical load.

Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response
Covers genes involved in immune activity, inflammatory signalling and the body’s response to physical stress. Genetic differences may influence how strongly inflammatory and repair processes are activated.

Injury Risk & Physical Load
Includes genes associated with tissue structure, biomechanics, repair and response to mechanical stress. These insights may highlight inherited tendencies related to tissue resilience, physical load and injury susceptibility.

How Your Results Are Personalised

Depending on your genetics, different genes and genetic variants may be highlighted in your report. Your results may focus on some of the genes associated with these areas, while also including other genes that are more relevant to your individual DNA profile.

How It Works

1. Order Your Test
Order DNA Bones, Joints & Muscles online.

2. Collect Your Saliva Sample
Collect a saliva sample at home using the included test kit.

3. Send It to the Laboratory
Return your sample using the included materials.

4. Receive Your DNA Report
Access your digital report with genetic biomarkers and personalised recommendations.

Saliva Sample Collection

The test uses a simple saliva sample collected at home. Collect your sample in the provided tube and send it to the laboratory according to the included instructions.

ISO-Certified Laboratory and Analysis

Your sample is analysed at an ISO-certified laboratory using DNA technology based on the Illumina GSA Microarray, which is used to analyse selected genetic variants.

Biomarkers included – DNA Bones Joints & Muscles

• GC: Bone Health & Mineralisation — GC (Group-Specific Component, also known as Vitamin D Binding Protein): GC ,also known as Vitamin D Binding Protein, is a protein that binds and transports vitamin D and its metabolites in the bloodstream. It plays a key role in regulating calcium and phosphate balance, as well as modulating immune and inflammatory responses. Variations in GC can influence vitamin D levels and metabolism, affectin
• WLS: Bone Health & Mineralisation — WLS encodes a protein required for the secretion and signalling of Wnt proteins. Wnt signalling is important for tissue development, regeneration and regulation of bone formation. Genetic variants in WLS may influence how efficiently this pathway functions. The gene has been associated with differences in bone density and other skeletal traits.
• VARS2: Bone Health & Mineralisation — VARS2, or Valyl-tRNA synthetase 2, is a mitochondrial enzyme responsible for attaching the amino acid valine to its corresponding transfer RNA (tRNA). This process is crucial for mitochondrial protein synthesis, which is essential for cellular energy production and overall cellular function. Dysregulation of VARS2 can be implicated in various mitochondrial diseases and potentially other cellular s
• CYP2R1: Bone Health & Mineralisation — CYP2R1 encodes an enzyme that converts vitamin D into 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the main circulating form measured in blood. It plays a central role in vitamin D metabolism. Genetic variants in CYP2R1 may influence enzyme activity and have been associated with differences in vitamin D status. This can be relevant to bone mineralisation and calcium balance.
• MECOM: Bone Health & Mineralisation — MECOM (MDS1 and EVI1 Complex Locus): MECOM is a transcriptional regulator involved in hematopoiesis and the development of certain cancers, particularly myeloid leukemia. It encodes EVI1, a protein that plays a role in gene regulation, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation.
• SP7: Bone Health & Mineralisation — SP7 encodes the transcription factor osterix, which is essential for the development and maturation of osteoblasts, the cells responsible for forming bone. It plays a central role in skeletal development and bone formation. Genetic variants in SP7 may influence regulation of these processes. The gene has been associated with bone density, bone strength and osteoporosis-related traits.
• IDH3A: Bone Health & Mineralisation — IDH3A, or isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) subunit alpha, is a critical enzyme involved in the Krebs cycle, a fundamental metabolic pathway for energy production. Its activity is essential for cellular respiration and the generation of ATP, the primary energy currency of cells. Dysregulation of IDH3A has been implicated in various cellular processes, including cancer development and progression.
• CYP4F2: Bone Health & Mineralisation — CYP4F2 (Cytochrome P450 Family 4 Subfamily F Member 2) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, vitamin K, eicosanoids, and various drugs and toxins. It contributes to regulating blood clotting and inflammation. Genetic variations in CYP4F2 can affect how the body processes certain medications, particularly anticoagulants.
• HOXC6: Bone Health & Mineralisation — HOXC6 is a gene that produces a protein involved in embryonic development and the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Aberrant expression of HOXC6 has been linked to the development and progression of certain cancers, making it a potential biomarker for disease detection and monitoring.
• SMOC1: Bone Health & Mineralisation — SMOC1 (SPARC Related Modular Calcium Binding 1): SMOC1 is a member of the SPARC family of matricellular proteins. It is involved in tissue remodeling and angiogenesis, playing a key role in cell-matrix interactions. SMOC1 has been linked to ocular and limb development, and mutations in this gene are associated with Waardenburg anophthalmia syndrome and other developmental disorders.
• ZBTB40: Bone Health & Mineralisation — ZBTB40 is a protein that plays a role in regulating gene expression, specifically influencing the development and function of cells. Its importance lies in its potential to be involved in various biological processes, and understanding its role may offer insights into certain diseases.
• VDR: Bone Health & Mineralisation — VDR encodes the vitamin D receptor, which allows cells to respond to vitamin D. It plays an important role in calcium and phosphate regulation and normal bone mineralisation. Genetic variants in VDR may influence vitamin D signalling efficiency. The gene has therefore been studied in relation to bone density, bone strength and other vitamin D-related processes.
• TNFRSF11B: Bone Health & Mineralisation — TNFRSF11B (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 11B): TNFRSF11B is a protein, also known as osteoprotegerin, that plays a key role in bone metabolism. It acts as a decoy receptor for RANKL, helping to inhibit osteoclast formation and prevent bone resorption. TNFRSF11B is essential for maintaining bone density and strength, and changes in its function are associated with osteoporosis a
• CPED1: Bone Health & Mineralisation — CPED1 (Cadherin Like And PC-Esterase Domain Containing 1): CPED1 is a protein linked to cell adhesion and signaling. While its exact biological role remains unclear, it may contribute to developmental processes and has been associated with variations in body mass index and adiposity.
• CDO1: Bone Health & Mineralisation — CDO1 (Cysteine Dioxygenase Type 1): CDO1 is an enzyme that facilitates the conversion of cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid, a key step in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. This process plays a vital role in regulating cellular cysteine levels and supporting the production of taurine and sulfate. Proper CDO1 function is important for maintaining cellular redox balance, and abnormali
• DIO2: Bone Health & Mineralisation — DIO2 (Type 2 Deiodinase) is a gene that encodes an enzyme essential for thyroid hormone regulation. It converts the inactive thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) into its active form, triiodothyronine (T3), by removing an iodine atom. Expressed in tissues like the thyroid gland, brain, and brown adipose tissue, DIO2 helps mediate local, tissue-specific responses to thyroid hormones and supports metaboli
• CYP4F11: Bone Health & Mineralisation — CYP4F11 (Cytochrome P450 Family 4 Subfamily F Member 11): CYP4F11 is an enzyme belonging to the cytochrome P450 family. It plays a key role in the oxidation of fatty acids and drug metabolism. CYP4F11’s function in lipid processing and drug detoxification is important for understanding individual variations in drug response and risks for diseases linked to lipid metabolism.
• COL1A1: Bone Health & Mineralisation — COL1A1 is a gene that provides instructions for making a component of type I collagen, the most abundant collagen in the body. This protein is crucial for the structural integrity and strength of bones, skin, tendons, and ligaments. Mutations or variations in COL1A1 can lead to disorders affecting connective tissues, such as osteogenesis imperfecta.
• NADSYN1: Bone Health & Mineralisation — NADSYN1 (NAD Synthetase 1): NADSYN1 is a gene involved in the synthesis of NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a crucial coenzyme in redox reactions. NADSYN1 plays an essential role in various metabolic processes, and its function is increasingly recognized in relation to aging, cell death, and certain chronic diseases.
• CCDC170: Bone Health & Mineralisation — CCDC170 (Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 170): CCDC170 is a gene with a less well-understood function, but it has been linked to breast cancer, especially estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. It may be involved in cellular structure and organization.
• CTNNB1: Bone Health & Mineralisation — CTNNB1 is a gene that codes for beta-catenin, a crucial protein involved in cell adhesion and signaling pathways. Dysregulation of beta-catenin can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, making it a significant biomarker in various cancers and developmental disorders.
• MRPL20: Bone Health & Mineralisation — MRPL20 is a mitochondrial ribosomal protein involved in the synthesis of proteins within the mitochondria. It plays a crucial role in cellular energy production and maintaining mitochondrial function. Dysregulation of MRPL20 has been implicated in various cellular stress responses and can be a marker for mitochondrial dysfunction.
• FKBP11: Bone Health & Mineralisation — FKBP11, also known as FK506-binding protein 11, is a protein involved in the folding and modification of other proteins within the cell. It plays a role in various cellular processes, and its altered levels or function can be indicative of certain disease states, particularly those affecting the endoplasmic reticulum.
• MARCO: Bone Health & Mineralisation — MARCO (Macrophage Receptor With Collagenous Structure): MARCO is a receptor expressed on the surface of macrophages that plays a role in the immune system’s response to pathogens and particulate matter. It is involved in recognizing and clearing bacteria and environmental particles, contributing to innate immunity and the regulation of inflammation.
• SPP1: Bone Health & Mineralisation — SPP1 (Secreted Phosphoprotein 1): is a gene that encodes osteopontin, a protein involved in bone remodeling, immune regulation, and tissue repair. It contributes to inflammatory processes and has been linked to conditions such as autoimmune disorders and cancer.
• GALNT3: Bone Health & Mineralisation — GALNT3 (Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3): GALNT3 is a gene that encodes a protein involved in O-linked glycosylation, adding N-acetylgalactosamine to proteins. This modification is important for proper protein function and cell signaling. Mutations in GALNT3 can affect calcium and phosphate balance, leading to disorders such as familial tumoral calcinosis.
• RSPO3: Bone Health & Mineralisation — RSPO3 (R-Spondin 3): RSPO3 is a member of the R-spondin family that modulates the Wnt signaling pathway, which is essential for embryonic development and cell growth. It plays key roles in processes such as vascular development and stem cell proliferation. Dysregulation of RSPO3 has been associated with conditions including cancer.
• ALDH7A1: Bone Health & Mineralisation — ALDH7A1 (Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 7 Family Member A1): ALDH7A1 is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of aldehydes and is essential for the detoxification of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, a form of vitamin B6. Proper function of ALDH7A1 is critical for normal lysine metabolism, and deficiency in this enzyme can lead to pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, a condition in which seizures are responsive to vitamin
• CTNNA2: Bone Health & Mineralisation — CTNNA2 (Catenin Alpha 2) is a gene involved in cell adhesion and signaling, playing a key role in the nervous system. It contributes to synaptic plasticity and neuronal connectivity, essential for brain development and function. Alterations in CTNNA2 have been associated with neurological disorders.
• HBZ: Bone Health & Mineralisation — HBZ (Hemoglobin Subunit Zeta): HBZ is a component of embryonic and fetal hemoglobin, playing a key role in oxygen transport during early development. Changes in HBZ expression are linked to certain hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias.
• GAL: Bone Health & Mineralisation — GAL (Galactose Alpha-1,3-Galactosyltransferase): GAL is an enzyme responsible for producing the alpha-gal epitope, a specific carbohydrate antigen. This enzyme plays a key role in immune response and xenotransplantation, as the presence of alpha-gal can trigger immune rejection. Humans lack this enzyme, which leads to the formation of anti-Gal antibodies.
• TGFA: Joint & Cartilage Health — TGFA (Transforming Growth Factor Alpha): TGFA is a growth factor that binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), triggering a signaling cascade that promotes cell proliferation and differentiation. It plays a key role in the development and repair of epithelial tissues and is involved in cancer development through its ability to stimulate cell growth. Studying TGFA provides insights int
• COL2A1: Joint & Cartilage Health — COL2A1 (Collagen Type II Alpha 1 Chain): COL2A1 is a gene that encodes type II collagen, a key structural protein found predominantly in cartilage. This collagen plays an essential role in maintaining cartilage strength and integrity. Mutations in COL2A1 are linked to several skeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis and different forms of chondrodysplasia.
• LRRTM4: Joint & Cartilage Health — LRRTM4 (Leucine-Rich Repeat Transmembrane Neuronal 4): LRRTM4 encodes a transmembrane protein primarily expressed in neurons. It plays an important role in synaptic transmission and synaptic adhesion. Its localization at synapses and interactions with other synaptic proteins highlight its significance in neural circuitry, neuronal connectivity, and potentially in neurodevelopmental disorders.
• PCDH9: Joint & Cartilage Health — Protocadherin 9 (PCDH9) is a cell adhesion molecule belonging to the cadherin superfamily. It plays a crucial role in cell-cell interactions, particularly during embryonic development and in the nervous system. Alterations in PCDH9 expression have been linked to certain neurological disorders and cancers, making it a potential biomarker for disease state.
• PIK3R1: Joint & Cartilage Health — PIK3R1 (Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase, Regulatory Subunit 1): PIK3R1 is a gene that encodes a regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), a key component in signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Mutations in PIK3R1 are linked to various cancers and serve as targets for cancer therapies. Additionally, it plays a role in insulin signaling and is associate
• COL27A1: Joint & Cartilage Health — COL27A1 (Collagen Type XXVII Alpha 1 Chain): COL27A1 is a gene that encodes a collagen protein important for the structure and function of connective tissues. This collagen type plays a key role in cartilage formation and skeletal development. Mutations in COL27A1 have been linked to disorders affecting bone and cartilage, making it a focus of research into musculoskeletal health and potential the
• DPEP1: Joint & Cartilage Health — DPEP1 (Dipeptidase 1): DPEP1 is involved in the hydrolysis of dipeptides and plays a role in detoxification processes, particularly in the kidneys. It participates in the metabolism of glutathione and leukotrienes, which are important for cellular redox balance and inflammation. Variations in DPEP1 activity can affect drug metabolism and the body's response to inflammatory stimuli. Research on DPE
• TGFB2: Joint & Cartilage Health — TGFB2 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2): TGFB2 is a cytokine that plays a key role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is essential for embryonic development and tissue repair and has been linked to various conditions, including cancer and fibrotic diseases.
• ADAMTS6: Joint & Cartilage Health — ADAMTS6 is a secreted metalloproteinase that plays a role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. It is involved in processes like cartilage development and may be implicated in the progression of certain cancers.
• ADAMTS8: Joint & Cartilage Health — ADAMTS8 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase With Thrombospondin Motifs 8) is an enzyme involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix, which is essential for tissue development and repair. It plays a role in regulating angiogenesis and may act to inhibit tumor growth and the spread of cancer. Research on ADAMTS8 explores its impact on cancer progression and vascular diseases.
• DENND1B: Joint & Cartilage Health — DENND1B (Differentially Expressed in Normal and Neoplastic cells 1B) is a protein that plays a role in cell growth, differentiation, and immune system regulation. Its aberrant expression has been linked to various autoimmune diseases and certain types of cancer, making it a potential indicator of disease presence or progression.
• EPHA5: Joint & Cartilage Health — EPHA5 (EPH Receptor A5): EPHA5 is a member of the ephrin receptor subfamily of protein-tyrosine kinases, which are key players in developmental processes, especially within the nervous system. It interacts with specific ligands to regulate neuronal migration and axon guidance. Disruption of EPHA5 signaling has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders and certain cancers, making it a focus of re
• SCUBE1: Joint & Cartilage Health — SCUBE1 (Signal-binding protein 1) is a protein that plays a role in cellular processes such as cell adhesion and signaling. It is found in the blood and has been investigated as a potential biomarker for various conditions, including cardiovascular disease.
• LGR4: Joint & Cartilage Health — LGR4 (Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 4): LGR4 is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a key role in signaling pathways, including Wnt signaling. It is important for tissue development, maintenance, and homeostasis, and has been studied for its roles in stem cell biology and organ regeneration.
• KCTD8: Joint & Cartilage Health — KCTD8 is a protein that is part of the KCTD (Potassium Channel Tetramerization Domain) protein family. These proteins are involved in regulating the activity of various ion channels and signaling pathways, and alterations in KCTD8 expression have been linked to certain neurological conditions. Understanding its role could provide insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
• EVX2: Joint & Cartilage Health — EVX2 is a protein that plays a role in cell growth and development. It is involved in the formation of new blood vessels and wound healing. Elevated levels of EVX2 may be associated with certain types of cancer.
• DDC: Joint & Cartilage Health — Dopamine decarboxylase (DDC) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. Its activity is vital for proper brain function, mood regulation, and movement. Measuring DDC can provide insights into neurochemical imbalances.
• FAT4: Joint & Cartilage Health — FAT4 is a cell adhesion molecule that plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of tissues. It is involved in cell-to-cell recognition and signaling, impacting processes like tissue organization and growth. Dysregulation of FAT4 has been linked to certain developmental disorders and may have implications in cancer progression.
• ICA1L: Joint & Cartilage Health — ICA1L (Islet Cell Autoantigen 1-Like) is a gene associated with proteins involved in neuroendocrine secretion, particularly in pancreatic beta cells. It is believed to play a role in regulating insulin secretion and may be linked to autoimmune responses in diabetes. Research into ICA1L may offer insights into the development of autoimmune diabetes and potential therapeutic targets.
• SLC39A8: Joint & Cartilage Health — SLC39A8 (Solute Carrier Family 39 Member 8) is a gene that encodes a transporter protein responsible for the cellular uptake of important divalent metals like zinc and manganese. This protein helps maintain metal ion balance, which is essential for immune function, brain development, and other biological processes. Variations in SLC39A8 have been linked to several health conditions, including cong
• COL11A1: Joint & Cartilage Health — COL11A1 (Collagen Type XI Alpha 1 Chain): COL11A1 is a gene that encodes a key component of type XI collagen, which is essential for the structure and integrity of connective tissue. Mutations in COL11A1 are linked to several connective tissue disorders, including some forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Stickler syndrome.
• COL8A1: Joint & Cartilage Health — COL8A1 is a gene that codes for a component of type VIII collagen, a protein primarily found in basement membranes of various tissues, including the eye and blood vessels. Mutations in COL8A1 are associated with certain inherited eye conditions like posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy and may play a role in other fibrotic or vascular diseases.
• CAPRIN2: Joint & Cartilage Health — CAPRIN2 (Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility Protein 2) is a protein involved in RNA processing and gene regulation, playing a role in cellular stress responses and the regulation of cell death pathways. Its dysregulation has been implicated in certain neurological disorders and cancer, making it a potential indicator of disease progression and therapeutic target.
• ADAMTS14: Joint & Cartilage Health — ADAMTS14 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs 14) is a protein that plays a role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly in cartilage. It is involved in the breakdown of specific proteins within cartilage tissue, which can be important for joint health and the progression of conditions like osteoarthritis.
• NOX3: Joint & Cartilage Health — NOX3 (NADPH Oxidase 3) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. While ROS are essential for various cellular functions, excessive or dysregulated NOX3 activity is implicated in oxidative stress, contributing to the pathogenesis of several diseases, particularly those involving inflammation and cellular damage.
• FBLIM1: Joint & Cartilage Health — FBLIM1, also known as Filamin-1, is a protein that plays a crucial role in cell structure and movement. It acts as a cross-linker for actin filaments, contributing to the mechanical stability and adaptability of cells. Its dysfunction has been implicated in various diseases, making it a potential indicator of cellular health.
• RGS1: Joint & Cartilage Health — Regulator of G-protein signaling 1 (RGS1) is a protein that plays a critical role in regulating cellular signaling pathways, particularly those involving G proteins. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various inflammatory and immune responses, making it a potential indicator of certain disease states.
• CPNE1: Joint & Cartilage Health — CPNE1, also known as Copine-1, is a protein that plays a role in cellular processes such as membrane trafficking and protein-protein interactions. It is implicated in various biological functions, including cell signaling and differentiation, and its dysregulation can be associated with certain disease states.
• GRAMD2B: Joint & Cartilage Health — GRAMD2B (GRAM Domain Containing 2B): GRAMD2B is a protein belonging to the GRAM domain family. These proteins are involved in cellular processes such as lipid binding and transport. While the specific functions of GRAMD2B in human physiology are not yet fully understood, GRAM domains are commonly linked to membrane-related activities.
• PPP1CB: Joint & Cartilage Health — PPP1CB (Protein Phosphatase 1 Catalytic Subunit Beta): PPP1CB is a gene that encodes a catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 — an enzyme essential for regulating cellular processes through dephosphorylation. It plays critical roles in muscle contraction, glycogen metabolism, and cell division. Dysregulation of PPP1CB activity has been linked to various diseases, including heart conditions and
• OR2T5: Joint & Cartilage Health — OR2T5, also known as Olfactory Receptor 2T5, is a G protein-coupled receptor protein primarily expressed in the olfactory epithelium. While its direct role in human disease is still under investigation, olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting smells and can influence physiological processes, making them potential targets for therapeutic interventions or indicators of certain conditions.
• ACE: Muscle Strength & Performance — ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme): ACE is a key enzyme in the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) that helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance. It converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor that affects blood vessel tone, electrolyte levels, and stimulates aldosterone release. ACE also plays important roles in heart function, kidney health, and inflammatory process
• HSPB8: Muscle Strength & Performance — HSPB8, also known as heat shock protein B8, is a type of protein that plays a role in cellular stress responses and protein folding. It is involved in protecting cells from damage and facilitating the proper assembly of other proteins, which is crucial for cell survival and function.
• ACTR3B: Muscle Strength & Performance — ACTR3B, also known as ARP3 or actin-related protein 3B, is a crucial component of the Arp2/3 complex, which plays a vital role in regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics. This protein is essential for cell shape, motility, and division, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer.
• DMD: Muscle Strength & Performance — DMD helps maintain muscle structure, strength, and stability by producing dystrophin, a protein essential for normal muscle cell function and protection.
• ADRB3: Muscle Strength & Performance — ADRB3 (Adrenoceptor Beta 3): ADRB3 is a gene that encodes a beta-adrenergic receptor, primarily expressed in adipose tissue. It plays a key role in regulating lipolysis and thermogenesis, contributing to energy expenditure and body weight management. Variants of this gene have been studied for their potential influence on obesity and metabolic health.
• OBSCN: Muscle Strength & Performance — OBSCN, or Obscurin, is a large protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and function of muscle cells, particularly in their connection to the cell membrane. It is involved in organizing muscle fibers and can influence muscle contractility and signal transduction pathways within the cell. Its dysfunction has been linked to certain muscular dystrophies and cardiomyop
• PDLIM5: Muscle Strength & Performance — PDLIM5 is a protein that plays a role in cellular structure and function, specifically in regulating the cytoskeleton and cell signaling pathways. It has been investigated for its potential involvement in various cellular processes and has been associated with certain neurological conditions.
• PDE4B: Muscle Strength & Performance — Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating cellular signaling pathways by breaking down cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Aberrant PDE4B activity is implicated in various inflammatory and neurological conditions, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention and a biomarker for disease progression.
• METTL21A: Muscle Strength & Performance — METTL21A is a protein that functions as a methyltransferase, involved in the post-translational modification of other proteins. It plays a role in regulating various cellular processes, and its dysregulation has been implicated in certain diseases.
• PPARG: Muscle Strength & Performance — PPARG (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma): PPARG is a nuclear receptor that regulates the expression of genes involved in fatty acid storage, glucose metabolism, and adipocyte differentiation. It plays a central role in insulin sensitivity and is targeted by thiazolidinediones, a class of antidiabetic drugs. Its involvement in metabolic pathways makes it an important gene in the stu
• ADRB2: Muscle Strength & Performance — ADRB2 (Adrenoceptor Beta 2): ADRB2 is a gene that encodes the beta-2-adrenergic receptor, a protein involved in the body’s ‘fight or flight’ response. This receptor plays a key role in relaxing smooth muscles in the airways and blood vessels and serves as a target for medications used to treat asthma and COPD. Genetic variations in ADRB2 can influence an individual’s response to these treatments.
• XIRP2: Muscle Strength & Performance — XIRP2, or Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Repair Complementing Protein 2, is a protein involved in DNA repair pathways. Its importance lies in its role in maintaining genomic stability, and dysfunction can be linked to certain cancer predispositions.
• MYBPC3: Muscle Strength & Performance — MYBPC3: The MYBPC3 gene encodes cardiac myosin-binding protein C, a key regulator of heart muscle contraction. Variants in this gene are a frequent cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a major contributor to sudden cardiac death, particularly in young athletes. It plays a critical role in maintaining normal cardiac muscle structure and function.
• SGCA: Muscle Strength & Performance — SGCA, also known as alpha-sarcoglycan, is a protein that plays a crucial role in muscle function by forming part of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. This complex links the muscle cell's internal cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, providing structural integrity. Mutations in the SGCA gene can lead to muscular dystrophies, highlighting its importance in muscle health.
• MYOM3: Muscle Strength & Performance — Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle tissue that stores oxygen. When muscle damage occurs, such as from a heart attack or strenuous exercise, myoglobin is released into the bloodstream, making it an early indicator of muscle injury.
• EFHD2: Muscle Strength & Performance — EFHD2, also known as EFL1 or EF-hand domain containing protein 2, is a protein that plays a role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. It is thought to be involved in calcium signaling and may have implications in the development of certain cancers.
• NEB: Muscle Strength & Performance — NEB, also known as Nebulin, is a large protein found primarily in muscle tissue, specifically in sarcomeres. It plays a crucial role in the structural organization of muscle filaments and is thought to be involved in regulating muscle contraction.
• ACVR1B: Muscle Strength & Performance — ACVR1B, also known as ALK2, is a type II receptor serine/threonine kinase that plays a crucial role in signaling pathways involved in cell growth, differentiation, and development. It is a key component of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway and has been implicated in various diseases, including fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) and certain types of cancer.
• GNB3: Muscle Strength & Performance — GNB3: GNB3 is a gene that encodes a subunit of G proteins, which help transmit signals from outside the cell to the inside. A well-known variant (C825T) has been linked to traits such as hypertension and obesity, making GNB3 important in studying disease risk and individual responses to medications.
• TRIM63: Muscle Strength & Performance — TRIM63 (Tripartite Motif Containing 63): TRIM63 is a protein that plays a key role in muscle protein degradation, particularly during muscle atrophy. Also known as MuRF1, it targets specific muscle proteins for ubiquitination and degradation in the proteasome. TRIM63 is important in conditions of muscle wasting, including cachexia, sarcopenia, and heart failure, and understanding its function may
• MYLK: Muscle Strength & Performance — MYLK (Myosin Light Chain Kinase): MYLK is a gene that encodes an enzyme essential for smooth muscle contraction. It phosphorylates myosin light chains, enabling actin-myosin interaction, and plays a key role in regulating vascular tone and blood pressure. MYLK also contributes to other smooth muscle functions, including gastrointestinal motility and airway resistance. Changes in MYLK function or e
• TTN: Muscle Strength & Performance — TTN (Titin): TTN is one of the largest proteins in the human body, primarily found in muscle tissues. It plays a key role in muscle contraction and elasticity. TTN functions like a molecular spring, providing structural support to muscle fibers and enabling them to contract and relax efficiently. Mutations in the TTN gene have been linked to several muscle-related disorders, including muscular dys
• AMPD1: Muscle Strength & Performance — AMPD1 is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism within muscle cells. It is involved in the breakdown of adenine nucleotides, which are important for cellular energy production and function. Elevated levels of AMPD1 can indicate muscle damage or certain genetic conditions affecting muscle health.
• DES: Muscle Strength & Performance — DES (Desmin) is a gene that encodes an intermediate filament protein essential for the structural stability of muscle cells. It helps maintain the integrity and function of skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue. Mutations in DES are linked to muscle disorders, including myopathies and cardiomyopathies, highlighting its key role in muscle health.
• SYT2: Muscle Strength & Performance — SYT2, also known as Synaptotagmin 2, is a protein primarily found in nerve cells that plays a crucial role in regulating the release of neurotransmitters at synapses. Its function is vital for proper nerve signaling and communication within the brain and nervous system, making it a key factor in neuronal function.
• CKM: Muscle Strength & Performance — CKM (Creatine Kinase, Muscle): CKM is an enzyme specific to muscle tissue that plays a key role in energy metabolism. It catalyzes the reversible transfer of phosphate between ATP and creatine to ensure a steady supply of ATP during muscle contraction. Elevated CKM levels in the blood indicate muscle damage and serve as a biomarker for conditions such as myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy,
• LMO7: Muscle Strength & Performance — LMO7 is a protein that plays a role in cell adhesion and the maintenance of cell junctions, which are crucial for tissue integrity. Its presence and function are important for proper tissue development and repair, and alterations in LMO7 have been linked to certain disease states.
• VGLL2: Muscle Strength & Performance — VGLL2 is a protein that plays a critical role in regulating gene expression, particularly during muscle development and function. Its activity is essential for maintaining muscle health and can be indicative of certain muscle-related disorders.
• ACTN3: Muscle Strength & Performance — ACTN3 is a gene that encodes the protein Alpha-actinin-3, which is predominantly found in fast-twitch muscle fibers. These fibers are essential for producing rapid and powerful muscle contractions, key to explosive athletic performance. Variations in the ACTN3 gene, especially the R577X polymorphism, are associated with differences in sprinting ability and endurance, making this gene important in
• IGF2: Muscle Strength & Performance — IGF2 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2) is a protein that plays a key role in growth and development, especially during fetal stages. It is part of the insulin-like growth factor system, which influences cell growth, proliferation, and survival. IGF2 also supports muscle growth and differentiation, and its activity has been linked to certain cancers due to its role in promoting cell proliferation.
• KIF26B: Muscle Strength & Performance — KIF26B (Kinesin Family Member 26B): KIF26B is a gene that encodes a motor protein involved in transporting cellular cargo along microtubules. It plays a role in developmental processes such as kidney and limb formation by regulating morphogenetic movements and signaling pathways. Mutations or dysregulation of KIF26B may contribute to developmental abnormalities and congenital disorders.
• ADH1B: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — ADH1B (Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B): ADH1B is a gene that encodes an enzyme involved in the first step of alcohol metabolism, converting ethanol into acetaldehyde. Genetic variations in ADH1B can influence the rate of alcohol metabolism, affecting alcohol tolerance and the risk of alcohol-related diseases.
• BCHE: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — BCHE, or butyrylcholinesterase, is an enzyme primarily produced in the liver. It plays a role in the breakdown of certain neurotransmitters and is important for monitoring liver function and in assessing susceptibility to certain anesthetic agents.
• TBC1D4: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — TBC1D4, also known as AS160, is a Rab GTPase-activating protein that plays a crucial role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle and fat cells. It acts as a key regulator of the translocation of glucose transporters (GLUT4) to the cell surface, making it important for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis.
• KDR: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — KDR: KDR (also known as VEGFR2) is a gene that plays a central role in angiogenesis — the formation of new blood vessels. It encodes a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is essential for blood vessel growth, development, and repair. Alterations in KDR can influence processes in cancer, where angiogenesis supports tumor growth, as well as in cardiovascular diseases.
• BDNF: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) is a gene that encodes a protein essential for the survival, growth, and maintenance of neurons in the brain. BDNF plays a vital role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Changes in BDNF levels have been associated with a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions.
• SLC30A8: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — SLC30A8 (Solute Carrier Family 30 Member 8): SLC30A8 is a protein involved in the transport of zinc and the secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. It plays a key role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and is considered a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
• IDH2: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — IDH2 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, specifically in the Krebs cycle. Mutations in the IDH2 gene can lead to the production of an abnormal enzyme that alters cellular metabolism, which is particularly important in certain types of cancer, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and gliomas.
• GSTP1: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — GSTP1 (Glutathione S-Transferase Pi 1): GSTP1 is an enzyme involved in detoxification processes by conjugating reduced glutathione to a variety of both external and internal compounds. Variations in GSTP1 are linked to susceptibility to cancer and other diseases where detoxification plays a key role.
• HIF1A: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — HIF1A, or Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha, is a protein that plays a crucial role in how cells respond to low oxygen levels (hypoxia). It acts as a transcription factor, activating genes that help cells survive and adapt to these challenging conditions. Monitoring HIF1A levels can provide insights into cellular stress, tissue oxygenation, and the progression of diseases like cancer.
• SLC16A1: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — SLC16A1 (Solute Carrier Family 16 Member 1): SLC16A1,also known as MCT1, is a transporter protein that facilitates the rapid movement of lactate and other monocarboxylates across cell membranes. It plays a key role in lactate metabolism, which is important in various physiological processes like exercise and pathological conditions such as cancer metabolism.
• FTO: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — The FTO (Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated) gene is a key genetic factor linked to obesity and body mass index (BMI). It plays an important role in regulating metabolic processes such as energy balance and fat storage. Variations in the FTO gene can influence appetite control and how the body expends energy, making it central to understanding obesity risk and potential treatments.
• PPARA: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — PPARA (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha): PPARA is a nuclear receptor that regulates lipid metabolism, especially in the liver. It plays a central role in breaking down fatty acids, promoting their oxidation, and lowering triglyceride levels. PPARA also influences inflammatory pathways and is a therapeutic target for managing hyperlipidemia.
• ACBD6: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — ACBD6, or Acyl-CoA Binding Domain Containing 6, is a protein involved in fatty acid metabolism. It plays a role in transporting fatty acids, which are essential for energy production and cell membrane structure. Elevated or decreased levels of ACBD6 can indicate disruptions in these metabolic pathways.
• GPAM: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — GPAM, or Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids, which are crucial components of cell membranes and energy storage. Elevated levels of GPAM can be associated with metabolic disorders like obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, making it a potential indicator of fat accumulation in the body.
• MLXIPL: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — MLXIPL (MLX-Interacting Protein-Like): MLXIPL is a gene that encodes a protein involved in glucose metabolism and regulation of gene expression. It plays a role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Mutations in MLXIPL may influence carbohydrate metabolism and contribute to related disorders.
• GATM: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — GATM, also known as Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase, is an enzyme crucial for creatine synthesis in the body. It plays a vital role in energy metabolism, particularly in muscle and brain tissues, by facilitating the conversion of glycine and arginine into guanidinoacetate, a precursor to creatine.
• AQP6: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — AQP6 is a water channel protein belonging to the aquaporin family, primarily found in the kidneys. It plays a role in regulating water and ion transport across cell membranes, particularly in the renal tubules.
• PPARGC1A: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — PPARGC1A, also known as PGC-1α, is a key regulatory protein that plays a crucial role in controlling energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and cellular respiration. It is essential for adapting to changes in energy demand and is implicated in conditions like metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and obesity.
• PPM1K: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — PPM1K, also known as protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1K, is a protein involved in regulating cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and DNA damage response. Its activity can be altered in various diseases, making it a potential indicator of disease state or progression.
• MTCH2: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — MTCH2 (Mitochondrial Carrier Homolog 2): MTCH2 is a gene that encodes a protein involved in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. It is thought to play a role in mitochondrial transport and metabolic processes. While its exact functions are still being studied, MTCH2 may influence cellular energy balance and metabolic health.
• GCKR: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — GCKR (Glucokinase Regulator): GCKR is a gene that encodes a protein responsible for regulating glucokinase, an enzyme essential in glucose metabolism. Variations in GCKR can affect glucose homeostasis and have been linked to diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
• SLC2A1: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — SLC2A1, also known as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), is a protein responsible for transporting glucose across cell membranes. It is crucial for providing energy to cells, particularly in the brain and red blood cells. Abnormalities in SLC2A1 can lead to glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome, a rare neurological disorder.
• SOD2: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — SOD2, also known as manganese superoxide dismutase, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in protecting cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). By neutralizing harmful free radicals, SOD2 is essential for cellular health and preventing oxidative stress, which is linked to aging and various diseases.
• ECHDC3: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — ECHDC3, also known as Enoyl-CoA Hydratase Domain-Containing Protein 3, is an enzyme involved in fatty acid metabolism. It contains a domain typical of enoyl-CoA hydratases, which catalyze the hydration of enoyl-CoA intermediates in the β-oxidation pathway. This pathway is a key metabolic process that breaks down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA within mitochondria and peroxisomes, supporting energy pro
• NDUFA12: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — NDUFA12 is a protein subunit that is part of complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Its function is critical for the efficient production of ATP, the main energy currency of cells. Mutations or alterations in NDUFA12 can lead to impaired cellular respiration and are associated with certain neurological disorders.
• VEGFA: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — VEGFA (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A): VEGFA is a key regulator involved in blood vessel formation and vascular function. As an important member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, VEGFA promotes the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, driving angiogenesis — the formation of new blood vessels. This process is essential for physiological functions such as w
• AGXT2: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — AGXT2, also known as Alanine-Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2, is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of amino acids and other compounds. Its activity is crucial for detoxifying certain substances and maintaining overall metabolic balance. Dysregulation of AGXT2 can be associated with various metabolic disorders.
• GCH1: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — GCH1, also known as GTP cyclohydrolase 1, is an enzyme responsible for the first and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). BH4 is a crucial cofactor for several enzymes involved in the metabolism of amino acids and the production of neurotransmitters and nitric oxide, making GCH1 important for neurological function and vascular health.
• PDE3B: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — PDE3B (Phosphodiesterase 3B): PDE3B is an enzyme that plays a key role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism. It is involved in breaking down cyclic AMP (cAMP), a signaling molecule, thereby influencing processes such as lipolysis and insulin secretion. Dysregulation of PDE3B has implications for metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes.
• SLC2A5: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — SLC2A5, also known as GLUT5, is a protein responsible for facilitating the transport of fructose across cell membranes. It is primarily found in the small intestine, playing a crucial role in dietary sugar absorption and energy metabolism. Elevated or altered SLC2A5 expression can be indicative of certain metabolic disorders or cellular stress.
• CERS5: Endurance, Energy & Recovery — Ceramide synthase 5 (CERS5) is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing specific types of ceramides, which are essential lipids involved in cell structure and signaling. Elevated or altered levels of CERS5 or its products can be indicative of various metabolic disorders and cellular stress.
• EFEMP1: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — EFEMP1, also known as fibulin-1, is a protein that plays a role in cell adhesion, migration, and tissue development. It is involved in the formation of the extracellular matrix and has been investigated for its potential involvement in various disease processes, including cancer and fibrotic conditions.
• LRP1: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — LRP1, or Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, is a cell surface receptor that plays a crucial role in the clearance of various molecules from the bloodstream, including lipoproteins and cellular debris. Its function is vital for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing the buildup of harmful substances in arteries.
• FGF18: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — FGF18, or Fibroblast Growth Factor 18, is a signaling protein that plays a crucial role in cell growth, differentiation, and tissue development, particularly in cartilage and bone formation. Its dysregulation can be implicated in various developmental disorders and certain types of cancer.
• HSPG2: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — HSPG2, also known as perlecan, is a major component of the basement membrane, a crucial layer of tissue that supports various cells and tissues throughout the body. Its presence and integrity are vital for normal tissue development, repair, and function.
• COL5A1: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — COL5A1 (Collagen Type V Alpha 1 Chain): COL5A1 is a gene that encodes a component of type V collagen, a protein essential for the structure and integrity of connective tissues. Variants in COL5A1 are linked to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a condition marked by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and increased tissue fragility.
• COL5A2: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — COL5A2 is a gene that codes for a component of type V collagen, a protein crucial for the structure and integrity of connective tissues, including skin, tendons, and cartilage. Variations or altered expression of COL5A2 can be associated with certain connective tissue disorders and may play a role in disease progression or tissue remodeling.
• THBS3: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — THBS3 (Thrombospondin 3): THBS3 is a gene that encodes a protein belonging to the thrombospondin family, which is involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix communication. It plays a role in tissue remodeling, wound healing, and angiogenesis—the formation of new blood vessels. Dysregulation of THBS3 has been associated with various pathological conditions, including fibrosis and cancer.
• DYNC1LI1: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — DYNC1LI1, also known as Dynein cytoplasmic 1 light intermediate chain 1, is a protein component of the dynein motor complex, which is crucial for intracellular transport along microtubules. Its dysfunction has been implicated in various neurological disorders, making it a potential biomarker for disease progression or diagnosis in specific conditions.
• WNT5B: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — WNT5B is a secreted signaling protein that plays a role in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and tissue development. It is part of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is crucial for normal embryonic development and is often dysregulated in diseases like cancer.
• SH3PXD2A: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — SH3PXD2A (SH3 And PX Domains 2A, also known as TKS5): SH3PXD2A is a scaffold protein that plays a key role in the formation of podosomes and invadopodia — cellular structures involved in tissue remodeling, cell migration, and invasion. It is important in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis by aiding the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. SH3PXD2A’s role in cellular movement and environmental in
• COL12A1: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — COL12A1 is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein that is a component of collagen, a major structural protein in connective tissues like skin, tendons, and bones. Variations or alterations in COL12A1 can affect the integrity and function of these tissues, potentially leading to or influencing various connective tissue disorders.
• TSPAN9: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — TSPAN9 is a transmembrane protein that plays a role in cell-cell communication and the regulation of cell growth and survival. Elevated or altered levels of TSPAN9 have been associated with various types of cancer, making it a potential biomarker for cancer detection and prognosis.
• PRRX1: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — PRRX1, also known as PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein, is a fusion oncoprotein that arises from a chromosomal translocation specifically t(2;13)(q35;q14). This fusion protein is a key driver in certain types of rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare childhood cancer, making it a crucial target for diagnosis and treatment development.
• SCUBE3: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — SCUBE3 (Signal-binding protein 3) is a secreted protein that plays a role in cellular signaling pathways, particularly during embryonic development and tissue repair. Its detection can be indicative of certain cellular activities and may be explored in the context of developmental disorders or tissue regeneration.
• UGDH: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — UGDH, or UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, is an enzyme that plays a critical role in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, which are essential components of connective tissues. Elevated levels of UGDH are associated with certain types of cancer and may contribute to tumor progression and metastasis.
• ADAMTS10: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — ADAMTS10 (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs 10) is a gene that encodes a protein involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix, especially in connective tissues. It plays a key role in tissue development and repair, particularly in cartilage and bone. Variants in ADAMTS10 have been linked to connective tissue disorders and skeletal abnormalities.
• ADAMTS17: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — ADAMTS17 is a protein belonging to the ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs) family. These proteins play crucial roles in the extracellular matrix, influencing processes like tissue remodeling and inflammation. Aberrant levels or activity of ADAMTS17 are being investigated for their potential involvement in various diseases, including cancer and connective tissue
• TGFB1: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — TGFB1, or Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1, is a crucial protein that plays a significant role in cell growth, differentiation, and immune function. It is involved in various biological processes, including wound healing, tissue repair, and the development of many diseases, making it an important marker for understanding cellular behavior and disease progression.
• PARD6G: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — PARD6G, also known as Par-6 family cell polarity protein gamma, is a protein that plays a crucial role in cell polarity and cell-to-cell adhesion. It is involved in the correct localization of proteins within cells, which is essential for the proper functioning of tissues and organs.
• FGFR1: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — FGFR1, or Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1, is a protein that plays a crucial role in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. It acts as a receptor for fibroblast growth factors, signaling pathways that are essential for the development of various tissues and organs. Dysregulation of FGFR1 signaling is implicated in several diseases, including certain cancers and developmental disorders.
• DPT: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — DPT stands for D-dimer and fibrin degradation fragment. It is a byproduct formed when a blood clot is broken down. Elevated levels of D-dimer can indicate the presence of a dangerous blood clot, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), in the body.
• LOX: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — LOX, or lysyl oxidase, is an enzyme crucial for the cross-linking of collagen and elastin. This process is vital for the structural integrity and elasticity of connective tissues throughout the body, including blood vessels, tendons, and skin.
• ZC3H11B: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — ZC3H11B is a protein that plays a role in regulating gene expression. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various inflammatory and immune responses, making it a potential indicator of certain disease states.
• AEBP1: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — AEBP1, also known as Aortic Enhanced Binding Protein 1, is a protein involved in the regulation of adipogenesis (fat cell formation) and has been implicated in metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Its levels can be indicative of the body's metabolic state and potential predisposition to these conditions.
• RXFP2: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — RXFP2, also known as the Relaxin Family Peptide Receptor 2, is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds to relaxin-like peptides. It plays a role in various physiological processes including reproduction, fibrosis, and cardiovascular function. Its involvement in these processes makes it a potential target for understanding and treating related diseases.
• HAS2: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — HAS2, or Hyaluronan Synthase 2, is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing hyaluronan, a vital component of the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronan plays crucial roles in tissue hydration, lubrication, and cell signaling, making HAS2 important for processes like wound healing and tissue development.
• LTBP1: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — Latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1 (LTBP1) is a large extracellular matrix protein that plays a crucial role in sequestering and regulating the bioavailability of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family members. By controlling TGF-β signaling, LTBP1 is implicated in various biological processes including tissue development, wound healing, and the pathogenesis of fibrot
• WNT4: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — WNT4 is a protein that plays a crucial role in embryonic development and tissue organization, particularly in the development of reproductive organs and the formation of kidneys. Its dysregulation can be associated with certain congenital disorders and cancers, making it a potential marker for these conditions.
• LTBP4: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — Latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 4 (LTBP4) is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating the bioavailability and activity of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling. It is involved in tissue development, repair, and fibrosis, and alterations in its expression or function have been linked to various fibrotic diseases and certain cancers.
• SFRP1: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — SFRP1, also known as Secreted frizzled-related protein 1, is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and differentiation. It is particularly important in embryonic development and tissue repair, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including certain cancers.
• H4C8: Tendons, Ligaments & Connective Tissue — H4C8 is a specific type of antibody, a Y-shaped protein produced by plasma cells that are part of the immune system. It plays a crucial role in identifying and neutralizing foreign substances like bacteria and viruses, but can also be targeted in autoimmune conditions.
• CD28: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — CD28 (CD28 Molecule): CD28 is a co-stimulatory receptor on T cells that is essential for their full activation and survival. It plays a critical role in the immune response, including the development of T cell memory. CD28 signaling is also a key target for immunotherapeutic drugs, particularly in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
• FCN2: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — FCN2, also known as Ficolin-2, is a plasma protein that plays a role in the innate immune system. It acts as a pattern recognition molecule, binding to various microbial surfaces and initiating inflammatory responses. Elevated levels of FCN2 can be associated with certain inflammatory conditions and infections.
• CD40: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — CD40 (Cluster of Differentiation 40): CD40 is a cell surface receptor protein that plays a central role in the immune system. It is primarily expressed on B cells and antigen-presenting cells. Activation of CD40 is essential for B cell maturation, antibody production, and the development of adaptive immunity. Mutations in CD40 or its ligand CD40L can lead to immunodeficiency disorders.
• TRAF1: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — TRAF1 (TNF Receptor Associated Factor 1) is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating inflammatory responses and cell survival. It is involved in signaling pathways triggered by certain immune system molecules, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
• EOMES: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — EOMES, or Eomesodermin, is a transcription factor protein that plays a crucial role in the development and differentiation of various cell types, particularly T cells. Its presence and activity are vital for the proper immune response, influencing the formation of cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells.
• IL6R: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — IL6R, or Interleukin-6 Receptor, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body's inflammatory response by binding to Interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 is a signaling molecule that promotes inflammation and immune responses. Measuring IL6R can help assess the body's inflammatory state and the effectiveness of treatments targeting IL-6 signaling pathways.
• DEF6: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — DEF6, also known as D6, is a protein that plays a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation. It is involved in cellular signaling pathways and can influence various cellular processes, making it a potential indicator of certain cellular activities or dysfunctions.
• HLA-DQA1: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — HLA-DQA1 (Human Leukocyte Antigen DQ Alpha 1 Chain): HLA-DQA1 is a key component of the MHC class II molecule complex. It plays an essential role in the immune system by presenting peptide antigens to CD4+ T cells. This function is critical for triggering the adaptive immune response against pathogens. Variations in the HLA-DQA1 gene are linked to susceptibility to autoimmune diseases like type 1
• NCF4: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — NCF4 (Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor 4): NCF4 is a component of the NADPH oxidase complex that plays a key role in the body’s immune defense. It helps regulate the assembly and activation of this complex, enabling the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the oxidative burst in phagocytes. This process is essential for destroying engulfed pathogens, and mutations in NCF4 can impair immun
• AFF3: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — AFF3 (AF4/FMR2 Family Member 3): AFF3 is a gene involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin organization. It belongs to the AF4/FMR2 family, which plays roles in controlling gene expression. AFF3 may help regulate gene transcription, influencing the development and function of various cell types.
• IL2RA: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — IL2RA (Interleukin 2 Receptor Alpha): IL2RA, also known as CD25, is part of the receptor complex for interleukin-2, a cytokine essential for T-cell proliferation and differentiation. This receptor plays a key role in regulating the immune response, including the development and function of regulatory T cells that help prevent autoimmune diseases. Dysregulation of IL2RA or its signaling pathway can
• CTLA4: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4) is a gene that encodes a protein involved in downregulating immune responses by inhibiting T-cell activation. It competes with CD28 for binding to CD80/CD86 on antigen-presenting cells, helping to maintain immune balance and prevent overactivation. Dysregulation of CTLA4 is linked to autoimmune conditions and impaired immune tolerance.
• CCR2: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — CCR2 (C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2): CCR2 is a receptor that binds chemokines, including CCL8. It is mainly expressed on immune cells and plays a key role in directing their migration to sites of inflammation. CCR2 is important for the immune response against infections and has been extensively studied in the context of inflammatory diseases, cancer, and HIV infection.
• PTPN22: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — PTPN22 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22): PTPN22 is an enzyme that reflects the regulation of immune responses in the body. It is a lymphoid-specific phosphatase that modulates T-cell receptor signaling and acts as a negative regulator of T-cell activation. PTPN22 is essential for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases. Genetic variations in PTPN22 have
• MTHFR: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — MTHFR (Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase): MTHFR is an enzyme that plays a central role in folate metabolism and the regulation of homocysteine levels. It converts 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate into 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, enabling the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine — a precursor to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the body’s primary methyl donor. Variants in the MTHFR gene, such as C
• GATA3: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — GATA3 (GATA Binding Protein 3) is a transcription factor that regulates the development and differentiation of multiple cell types, including T cells and mammary gland cells. It is vital for proper immune function and breast tissue formation. Mutations in GATA3 can contribute to immunodeficiency and breast cancer.
• TNFAIP3: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — TNFAIP3 (TNF Alpha Induced Protein 3): TNFAIP3, also known as A20, is a key negative regulator of NF-κB signaling, helping control inflammation and immune responses. It works by ubiquitinating signaling molecules to stop NF-κB activation, preventing prolonged inflammation that could lead to autoimmune disease. Mutations or dysregulation of TNFAIP3 are linked to various autoimmune and inflammatory
• AOAH: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — AOAH, also known as Acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1, is an enzyme that plays a critical role in the synthesis of triglycerides, a type of fat stored in the body. It is involved in lipid metabolism and can influence the storage and release of fatty acids, impacting energy balance and potentially contributing to conditions like obesity and metabolic syndrome.
• PTPRC: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — PTPRC (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Receptor Type C): PTPRC is a protein that reflects a key regulator of the immune system. Also known as CD45, it is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase essential for activating T and B lymphocytes. PTPRC plays a critical role in modulating signal transduction pathways, and its dysregulation can contribute to immune system disorders.
• CSK: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — CSK (C-Src Tyrosine Kinase) is an important regulatory enzyme that controls the activity of Src family tyrosine kinases by phosphorylating and inhibiting them. These kinases play key roles in cell growth, differentiation, and survival signaling pathways. Dysregulation of CSK can lead to abnormal cell signaling, contributing to cancer and other diseases. Studying CSK’s regulatory functions helps us
• FCRL5: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5) is a transmembrane protein primarily expressed on B cells. It is involved in regulating B cell activation, differentiation, and survival, and its expression levels can be altered in certain B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
• ANKRD55: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — ANKRD55, also known as ANKRD55 protein, is involved in regulating cell growth and division. Elevated levels of ANKRD55 have been associated with certain types of cancer and may serve as a potential indicator for disease progression or response to therapy.
• IRF5: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — IRF5, or Interferon Regulatory Factor 5, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body's immune response, particularly in regulating the production of interferons. These interferons are key in fighting off viral infections and are also implicated in autoimmune diseases.
• ERI1: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — ERI1 (Exoribonuclease 1): ERI1 is a key enzyme involved in RNA interference and the regulation of small RNA stability. It plays a vital role in degrading RNA duplexes and resolving RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs), which are essential for gene silencing. ERI1’s function impacts gene expression and cellular defense against viruses. Research on ERI1 explores its role in post-transcriptional r
• SOCS2: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — SOCS2 (Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 2) is a protein that regulates the cytokine signaling pathway, helping maintain immune balance and prevent excessive inflammation. It modulates signals from growth hormones and various cytokines, influencing cell growth, differentiation, and survival.
• IRF8: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — IRF8 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 8) is a gene that encodes a transcription factor essential for the development and function of immune cells, particularly dendritic cells and macrophages. It helps regulate genes involved in immune responses and antigen presentation. Alterations in IRF8 can affect immune cell differentiation and overall immune function.
• CRPPA: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — CRPPA, also known as C-reactive protein (CRP) or specifically the peptide chain of CRP, is a protein produced by the liver. Its levels in the blood increase significantly in response to inflammation anywhere in the body, making it a key indicator of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.
• FCRL3: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — FCRL3 (Fc Receptor-Like 3) is a protein primarily expressed in B cells and is part of the Fc receptor-like (FCRL) family. It plays a role in regulating B cell receptor signaling and antibody production, influencing immune system activity and potentially contributing to autoimmune disease development.
• UBASH3A: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — UBASH3A is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and cellular signaling pathways. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various autoimmune diseases and certain types of cancer, making it a potential target for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
• CD101: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — CD101 (CD101 Molecule): CD101 is a cell surface glycoprotein involved in immune regulation. It plays a role in both activation and suppression of immune cells, especially in autoimmune diseases and immune responses. Its expression on T cells and other immune cells is important for modulating the immune system’s activity.
• HLA-DPB1: Inflammation & Musculoskeletal Response — HLA-DPB1 (Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DP Beta 1): HLA-DPB1 is a gene that encodes a protein essential for the immune system’s ability to identify and respond to foreign substances. It plays a key role in antigen presentation and is important in autoimmune disease development and transplant compatibility.
• PTK7: Injury Risk & Physical Load — PTK7, also known as protein tyrosine kinase 7, is a cell surface receptor that plays a role in cell adhesion and migration. It is implicated in various biological processes, including embryonic development and cancer progression, and is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target.
• DCC: Injury Risk & Physical Load — DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma) is a cell surface receptor protein that plays a crucial role in cell adhesion and migration, acting as a receptor for Netrin-1. It is important for normal development of the nervous system and its altered expression is implicated in various cancers, potentially affecting tumor growth and metastasis.
• ZNF536: Injury Risk & Physical Load — ZNF536 is a protein encoded by the ZNF536 gene, which plays a role in regulating gene expression. It is implicated in various cellular processes and has been investigated for its potential involvement in the development and progression of certain diseases, making it a subject of interest in medical research.
• FAM20B: Injury Risk & Physical Load — FAM20B, also known as FAM20B, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the mineralization of hard tissues like bone and teeth. It is involved in the modification of extracellular matrix proteins, which are essential for the structural integrity and development of these tissues.
• SOX21: Injury Risk & Physical Load — SOX21 is a transcription factor, a type of protein that controls the activity of other genes. It plays a crucial role in the development and differentiation of various tissues, particularly in the nervous system. Dysregulation of SOX21 can be associated with certain neurological disorders and cancers.
• TBX18: Injury Risk & Physical Load — TBX18 is a gene that encodes a transcription factor involved in the development of the heart, particularly in the formation of the atrioventricular conduction system. Mutations in TBX18 can lead to congenital heart defects, making it a significant biomarker for understanding and diagnosing certain cardiac abnormalities.
• PODXL: Injury Risk & Physical Load — PODXL, also known as Podoplanin, is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed on lymphatic endothelial cells and in various tumor types. Its presence is crucial in cell adhesion, migration, and is increasingly recognized as a prognostic marker in several cancers, potentially influencing treatment strategies.
• SOX5: Injury Risk & Physical Load — SOX5 (SRY-Related HMG-Box Gene 5): SOX5 is a member of the SOX family of transcription factors that play a key role in regulating embryonic development and determining cell fate. SOX5 is involved in several biological processes, including chondrogenesis, nervous system development, and the differentiation of various cell types. It functions by binding to DNA and controlling the expression of genes
• CCDC171: Injury Risk & Physical Load — CCDC171 (Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 171): CCDC171 is a gene characterized by the presence of a coiled-coil domain, which suggests a role in protein-protein interactions. While its specific function is not fully understood, genes with similar domains are commonly involved in cellular processes such as vesicle transport, cell division, and signal transduction.
• AJAP1: Injury Risk & Physical Load — AJAP1, also known as 'A-kinase anchoring protein 1', is a protein that plays a crucial role in organizing and targeting protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways. Its proper function is essential for various cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and growth, making it relevant in understanding certain developmental and disease states.
• ARHGAP20: Injury Risk & Physical Load — ARHGAP20 (Rho GTPase Activating Protein 20): ARHGAP20 is a gene involved in regulating Rho GTPases, which are key mediators of cytoskeletal dynamics, cell shape, movement, and growth. By promoting the inactivation of Rho GTPases, ARHGAP20 helps control cell migration and maintain cellular structure. Dysregulation of this signaling pathway may contribute to cancer progression, making ARHGAP20 a pot
• CDC42BPA: Injury Risk & Physical Load — CDC42BPA, also known as Par6-binding protein, is a protein involved in cell division and migration. It plays a role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton, which is crucial for cell shape, movement, and the formation of new cells. Its dysregulation can be associated with certain types of cancer.
• BRINP3: Injury Risk & Physical Load — BRINP3, also known as Brain-specific protein 3, is a protein encoded by the BRINP3 gene. Its exact function is still under investigation, but it is believed to play a role in neuronal development and function. Changes in BRINP3 levels or activity may be associated with certain neurological conditions.
• WDR47: Injury Risk & Physical Load — WDR47 is a protein that plays a role in various cellular processes, including DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. Alterations in WDR47 expression or function have been linked to the development and progression of certain cancers, making it a potential biomarker for disease monitoring and therapeutic targeting.
• TSHZ3: Injury Risk & Physical Load — TSHZ3 (Teashirt Zinc Finger Homeobox 3): TSHZ3 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in embryonic development and tissue differentiation. It is involved in the formation and development of multiple organs and tissues. Mutations in TSHZ3 can result in developmental abnormalities.
• LMO4: Injury Risk & Physical Load — LMO4 is a transcriptional regulator protein that plays a crucial role in the development and function of various tissues, including the brain and mammary glands. Aberrant expression or mutations in LMO4 have been implicated in the development and progression of certain cancers, particularly breast cancer, making it a potential biomarker for disease monitoring and therapeutic targeting.
• ZMAT4: Injury Risk & Physical Load — ZMAT4, also known as Zinc finger, MIZ-domain containing 4, is a protein that plays a crucial role in gene regulation and cellular processes. Its presence and activity are linked to the development and progression of certain cancers, making it a potential biomarker for disease detection and prognosis.
• PRDM5: Injury Risk & Physical Load — PRDM5 (PR Domain Containing 5): PRDM5 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in regulating gene expression, cellular differentiation, and extracellular matrix organization. It is essential for the development and maintenance of tissues such as bone, cartilage, and connective tissue. Mutations in PRDM5 are associated with brittle cornea syndrome and other connective tissue disorders, under
• SP4: Injury Risk & Physical Load — SP4, also known as Spindlin 4, is a transcription factor that plays a role in gene regulation. It is involved in cellular processes such as differentiation and development, and its dysregulation has been implicated in certain diseases.
• RFX7: Injury Risk & Physical Load — RFX7 is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, particularly in the development and function of certain cell types. Its importance lies in its involvement in processes such as cell differentiation, making it a potential indicator in understanding various biological pathways.
• RUNX1: Injury Risk & Physical Load — RUNX1 is a protein that acts as a transcription factor, meaning it helps control the activity of other genes. It plays a crucial role in the development of blood cells and is particularly important in the formation of platelets. Abnormalities in RUNX1 can lead to certain blood disorders.
• DOCK5: Injury Risk & Physical Load — DOCK5 is a protein that plays a crucial role in cell migration and the organization of the cytoskeleton. It is involved in various cellular processes, including immune cell function and embryonic development. Aberrant DOCK5 expression has been linked to certain cancers and inflammatory conditions, making it a potential biomarker for disease.
• EPHA3: Injury Risk & Physical Load — EPHA3 (Ephrin receptor A3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication, particularly in regulating cell adhesion, migration, and tissue development. Aberrant EPHA3 expression or signaling is implicated in the progression of various cancers, making it a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis.
• EPHB2: Injury Risk & Physical Load — EPHB2 (Ephrin Type-B Receptor 2): EPHB2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a key role in cell-to-cell communication and tissue organization. By interacting with ephrin ligands, EPHB2 regulates important processes such as cell migration, adhesion, and axon guidance during development and throughout life. It is essential for maintaining the structure and function of tissues, especially in the
• LMX1B: Injury Risk & Physical Load — LMX1B is a gene that codes for a protein, a transcription factor, which plays a crucial role in the development of kidneys and other organs. Mutations in this gene are associated with various congenital conditions affecting these structures, making it important for understanding genetic kidney diseases.
• DOCK8: Injury Risk & Physical Load — DOCK8 is a protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in the development and function of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Mutations in the DOCK8 gene can lead to severe immune deficiencies, increasing susceptibility to infections and certain cancers.
• TWIST2: Injury Risk & Physical Load — TWIST2 is a gene that encodes a protein involved in cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation. It plays a crucial role in the development of various tissues and organs. Dysregulation of TWIST2 is associated with certain cancers and developmental disorders.
• LILRB5: Injury Risk & Physical Load — LILRB5, also known as ILT-9 or CD85a, is an inhibitory receptor expressed on various immune cells, primarily myeloid cells and B lymphocytes. It plays a role in regulating immune responses and has been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
• ZNF608: Injury Risk & Physical Load — ZNF608 is a gene that encodes a protein involved in regulating gene expression, often playing a role in cellular processes like differentiation and development. Its abnormal activity or expression can be associated with various diseases, making it a potential biomarker for diagnosis or prognosis.
• DOCK7: Injury Risk & Physical Load — DOCK7 (Dedicator of Cytokinesis 7) is a protein that plays a crucial role in cell signaling pathways, particularly those involved in cell migration, growth, and survival. Its dysregulation has been implicated in the development and progression of certain cancers, making it a potential target for cancer research and therapy.
• DOCK3: Injury Risk & Physical Load — DOCK3 (Dedicator Of Cytokinesis 3) is a protein that plays a key role in remodeling the actin cytoskeleton and regulating cell movement. It is especially important in the nervous system, where it supports neural development and synaptic function. Dysregulation of DOCK3 has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

How to prepare – DNA Bones Joints & Muscles

No fasting or physical preparation is required. Avoid eating, drinking, smoking, chewing gum or brushing your teeth immediately before collecting your saliva sample. Because this is a DNA test, your results are not affected by temporary factors such as exercise, diet, sleep or how you feel on the day.

Frequently asked questions – DNA Bones Joints & Muscles

What do genetic biomarkers mean in this test?

Genetic biomarkers are DNA-based traits linked to specific biological functions or predispositions. In this test, they provide insight into areas such as bone health, joints, muscle performance, recovery and injury risk.

Can the test show whether I currently have an injury or disease?

No. This is a genetic predisposition test and does not diagnose current injuries or diseases. It provides information about genetic patterns that may influence certain traits or risks over time.

Is the test relevant if I train a lot?

Yes. The test may be particularly useful if you exercise regularly and want to understand genetic factors related to strength, endurance, muscle recovery, physical load and injury risk.

Can the test help me adapt my training and recovery?

The results may provide useful context for tailoring training, recovery and lifestyle strategies to your genetic profile. Your report also includes personalised recommendations based on the biomarkers analysed.

Does lifestyle affect the result of a DNA test?

No. Your DNA does not change based on your current diet, exercise, sleep or daily routine. Lifestyle can influence how genetic predispositions are expressed, but it does not change the genetic variants measured.

What is the difference between this test and a regular blood test?

A blood test usually measures current biological levels that can change over time, such as vitamins or hormones. A DNA test analyses inherited genetic variants that remain the same throughout life and may provide insight into long-term predispositions.

Are the same genes highlighted for everyone?

Not necessarily. The test analyses a broad range of genes, but the genes and variants highlighted in your personal report can vary depending on your individual DNA profile and which findings are most relevant to your results.

Can this test show which areas I may want to focus on more?

Yes, the test can highlight inherited tendencies related to areas such as bone health, joint health, muscle performance, recovery and response to physical load. This can help you identify areas that may be useful to consider when planning training, recovery, nutrition and lifestyle.

Customer reviews – DNA Bones Joints & Muscles

4.4/5 (9)

• 4/5 — Easy test kit and clear instructions on how to do it. It took a bit longer than expected to get the results, but the report was really comprehensive and gave good insights into my recovery and injury risk. Interesting reading for someone who trains a lot!
• 5/5 — Very exciting to see one's genetic predispositions for joints and muscle function. Everything worked well from order to results. Recommended if you want to know more about your body.
• 5/5 — Fast delivery and the saliva collection was very easy to do at home.
• 5/5 — Really interesting results regarding my bone density markers.
• 3/5 — fairly interesting info about bone strength and such but the box was a bit dented when it arrived... the test itself was easy to fix and send in though. good that you get personal advice based on your genes.
• 4/5 — The results gave me a new perspective on my recovery times. It's a bit of a wait for the lab, but the data is solid.
• 5/5 — Snabba svar och proffsig rapport!
• 5/5 — Väldigt smidigt test att göra hemma och resultaten var tydliga.