Syphilis (Treponema Pallidum)

• Primary stage: A single sore or multiple sores at the infection site (usually firm, round, and painless)
• Secondary stage: Skin rash (often on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet), mucous membrane lesions, fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches
• Latent stage: No symptoms (can last for years)
• Tertiary stage: Damage to the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints

It is recommended to get tested for syphilis if you believe you have been exposed, especially if you notice symptoms like a chancre (sore) or a rash. The chancre typically appears about 3 weeks after exposure, but testing before this sore appears may not yield accurate results. If the first test is negative and you suspect exposure, follow-up testing is advised as antibodies to the bacterium may take time to develop.

The primary treatment for syphilis is penicillin, an effective antibiotic, usually given as an injection. For those allergic to penicillin, alternative antibiotics are available. The length and type of treatment depend on the stage and symptoms of the infection. It’s important to abstain from sexual contact until the syphilis sores are completely healed to prevent spreading the infection.

To prevent syphilis, practice safe sex by using condoms correctly and consistently during all sexual activities. Regular STI screenings are important, particularly if you have multiple sexual partners or engage in unprotected sex. Avoiding sexual contact with individuals who have visible sores or rashes that could be symptomatic of syphilis is also crucial. If sexually active, regular communication with partners about STI status and testing is beneficial.